swalwell



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. SWALWELL.

MACHINE FOR MAKING HORSESHOE'NAILS. No. 429,975. Patented June 10, 1890.

(No Model.) l 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. SWALWELL.

MACHINE FOR MAKING H'ORSESHOE NAILS.

No. 429,975. Patented June 10, 1890.

(No Model.) 7 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. SWALWBLL'. MACHINE FOR MAKING HORSESHOE NAILS.

Patented Jlin'e 10 1890.

IHE NORRIS PE'rEaa an, nionrumm WASHINGTON, u, c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets -Sheet 4. J. SWALWELL. MAQHINE FOR MAKINGHORSESHOE NAILS.

No. 429,975. Patented June 10, 1890.

Mums-es I UNIT D STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES SWALWELL, NEWPORT, COUNTY OF MONMOUTH, ENGLAND.

MACHINE FOR MAKING HORSESHOE-NAILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 429,975, dated June 10, 1890.

Application filed March 15, 1890- Serial No. 343,982. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES SWALWELL, of Newport, in the county of Monmouth, England, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented certain new or Improved Machinery for the Manufacture of Horseshoe- Nails; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists of machinery for the manufacture of horseshoe-nails, the parts of which machinery are constructed and combined or arranged in the manner hereinafter described.

By horseshoe-nails I mean nails of the kind commonly used in shoeing horses and other hoofed animals.

The machinery constituting my invention consists, essentially, of a cutter for cutting off short pieces or blanks from anail-strip of the proper section fed into the machine horizontally by hand or mechanically, but with the breadth of the nail-strip in a vertical plane. The said cut-01f piece or blank falls head downward through a guide-tube and is received by a pair of rolls, the axes of which are horizontal, which said rolls operate on the broad sides of the blank, flattening that end from which the point of the nail is to be afterward made and lengthening the body of the nail, the said rolls having on their peripheries the requisite depressions or recesses. The blank delivered from these the first pair of rolls is received by a second pair of rolls, the axes of which are horizontal, but at right angles to the axes of the first pair of rolls. This second pair of rolls operates on the narrow sides or edges of the blank, thereby diminishing the breadth of the body and forming the shoulder under the head and also lengthening the body of the blank. From the second pair of rolls the blank passes to a third pair of rolls, the horizontal axes of which are parallel to the axes of the first pair. This third pair of rolls operates on the broad sides of the blank, still further flattening and lengthening the blank and forming a bevel at or near that end of the blank from which the point is to be afterward made. From the third pair of rolls the blank falls down a guideway to the clipping or pointing mechanism of the machine. This clipping or pointing mechanism consists of a stationary die and a'movable punch of a shape proper to form the finished nail. The blank coming in front of the stationary die, the movable punch advances and forces that portion of the blank which forms the finished nail into the recess in the stationary die. In this last-described operation the point is formed by the movable punch clipping the nail-blank at that end which had been beveled in the third pair of rolls, the excess of metal being left riding on the movable punch. Vhen the movable punch retires, the nail formed falls out of a recess in the bottom of the stationary die. From the foregoing description it will be understood that the portion of the nail-strip is cut ofi at the top of the machine, and, preserving the vertical position it had in the'nail-strip, descends vertically between the rolls or rolls and clipping dies, falling from the machine in a vertical position. The cutter, rolls, and clipping punch or die are all actuated from a horizontal principal shaft driven by asteainengine or other prime mover. Toothed gearing driven by the said principal shaft gives motion to a shaft carrying a crank or eccentric. This crank or eccentric is jointed to a crank or ecenctric rod which, on the rotation of the crank or eccentric, gives the required reciprocating motion to the movable cuttingtool. The rolls are driven by other toothed gearing actuated by the principal shaft, the rolls of each pair being geared together in the ordinary Way.

I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the 1nanner in which my invention is to be performed.

Figure 1 represents in front elevation machinery for the manufacture of horeshoe-nails constructed according to my invention; and

Fig. 2 represents in horizontal section a portion of the same, taken at the level of the cutters by which the blank is cut off the nailstrip. Fig. 3 represents in front elevation, partly in vertical section, a portion of the said machinery drawn to a larger scale than Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 4 represents the machinery partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, the sectional part of the said Fig. 4 being taken in a plane at right angles to that in which the section of Fi 3 is taken. Fig. 5 represents the second guide-tube of the series drawn to a large scale, and Fig. (3 represents one of the rolls of the top pairof rolls of the machine drawn to a large scale. Fig. 7 represents the nail-strip separately. Fig. 8 represents the blank cut from the end of the nail-strip, Fig. 7. Fig. 9 represents the blank, Fig. 8, after it has been operated upon by the first pair of rolls. Fig. 10 represents the partly-made nail after it has been operated upon by the second pair of rolls. Fig. 11 represents the partly-made nail after it has been operated upon by the third pair of rolls, and Fig. 12 represents the finished nail after it has been pointed by the clipping or pointing mechanism of the machine.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the drawings.

a is the nail-strip having the sectional form. (Best seen in Fig. '7.) The said nail-stripa is supported in any convenient manner and is fed by hand or mechanically to the machine horizontally with the breadth of the nailstrip in a vertical plane. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) The said strip is supported in feeding mechanism, by the action of which the strip is withdrawn from the fixed cutter after a blank has been out from its end and an intermittent rotary motion given to it, the strip being brought to rest in a vertical plane after each semi-rotation. The mechanism for effecting these motions consists, essentially, of a pendulum or swinging lever b, oscillating through a small angle on the center 11 The said pendulum-lever I) carries three toothed wheels geared togethernamely, a drivingwheel 0, which has a quarter of a rotation given to it by each back motion of the cutterslide in the manner hereinafter described, and two smaller toothed wheels and c, which have a semi-rotation given to them by each quarter-rotation of the driving-wheel c. The small toothed wheel 0 rotates in the tubular support or collar 0" (see Fig. l) on the pendulum-lever I), and the axis of the said wheel 0 has an opening in it of the shape and size of the nail-strip a. After the nail-blank, Fig. 8, has been cut oil the end of the nail-strip by an oblique cut the motion of the pendululu-lever I) removes the end of the nail-st rip from the fixed cutter, hereinafter described. The nail-strip is then turned through a semicircle by the turning mechanism carried by the pendulum-lever Z), leaving the strip in a vertical position, and the nail-strip is then advanced through the toothed wheel 0, so that on the pendulumlcver making its return-stroke by the action of the coiled spring 1a the end of the nailstrip is fed against the gage or stop (I. (See Fig. 2.)

e is the cutter carried by the V-shaped cutter-slide c worked from the horizontal shaft g by the eccentric c and eccentric-rod 6, (see Fig. 2,) and f is the fixed cutter, adjustable in the manner represented.

f is a presser-block for supporting the blank while being sheared, the said block being brought back to its position by the coiled spring represented. The blank is held between the presser block and cutter e, andwhen the said cutter e retires the blank is released and falls down the guide-tube to the rolls. The forward or outward motion of the pendulum-lever?) to remove the end of the nail-strip a from the fixed cutter f after a blank has been cut from its end is effected by the cam-lever h, turning on the center its, Operated from the box or groove cam b on the shaft g. The

long arm of the lever it carries a roller on its end, which roller bears against the inclined rib b on the pendulum-lever I). \Vhen the short arm of the lever h is raised by the retation of the box 7L bringing its eccentric part into action, the long arm of the said 1ever h is depressed, and its roller bearing against the inclined rib I) gives the outward motion to the pendulum-lever b for removing the end of the nail-strip a from the fixed cutter f preparatory to the turning of the said strip. On the cam-lever It being brought into the position represented the pendulum-lever l) is restored to its normal position by the spring b The driving toothed wheel 0, by which the semi-rotation is given to the nail-strip, is worked from the cutter-slide e by the arm or lever i, carrying a pawl or detent 2', which operates upon one of the series of four studs or pins represented projecting from the back face of the driving-wheel c. \Vhen the cutterslide 8 makes its back-stroke, the detent or pawl '5 on the arm 11 gives motion through a quadrant to the driving-wheel c, and by means of the geared wheels 0 and 0 gives motion through a semicircle to the nail-strip a ready for the next cut. The said wheel 0 is locked after it has been moved through a quarterrotation by the end of the spring catch or arm I), carried by the pendulumlever, snapping into one of the notches in the periphery of the said wheel 0. On the cutter-slide 6 making its forward or cutting stroke the detent 2' on the arm 2' slides over the stud on the wheel 0 without imparting motion to it. By means of the slide 1' on the arm 7;, pressed forward by the coiled spring the wheel 0 is brought into its proper position it the detent i should at any time fail to effect that operation. a

The counter-shaft got the machincis driven from the main or driving shal'tj (see Fig. 1) by the spur-wheel k on the said main shaft gearing with the larger spur-wheel on the counter-shaft g.

By the operation of the cutting-tools e f and feeding appliances described a blank of the kind represented in Fig. 8 is cut ell? the end of the nail-strip a, the blank being so cut from the nail-strip that its head or bread part is downward. The cut-off piece or blank, 8, falls head downward through the guide-tube Z, and is received by the pair of horizontal rolls m m, (one of which is shown separately in Fig. 6,) each roll having on opposite sides the requisite shaped depressions to operate in succession upon two nail-blanks at each rotation of the pair of rolls. By the action of the rolls m m the cut-off blank delivered to them is operated upon in the manner represented in Fig. 9-that is, the rolls operate on its broad sides, flattening that end from which the point of the nail is to be formed and lengthening the body of the partly-made mail. The nail-blank, Fig. 9, after it has been operated upon by the rolls m m, passes down the guide-tube Z to the second pair of rolls 1?. n beneath the first pair of rolls, the said second pair of rolls nnbeing situated at right angles to the first pair of rolls. By the action of the second pair of rolls n n the nail-blank, Fig. 9, has the form given to it represented in Fig. 10that is, the second pair of rolls operates on the narrow sides or edges of the blank, thereby diminishing the breadth of the body and forming the shoulder under the head and also lengthening the body of the blank, as seen in the said Fig. 10. From the secondpair of rolls n n the partly-made nail, Fig. 10, is conducted by the guide-tube Z to the third pair of rolls 1) 1), parallel to the first pair of rolls m m. The said third pair of rolls p p operates upon the broad sides of the partly-made nail, Fig. 10, and gives it the form represented in Fig. 11that is, the head is finished and the body of the blank is still further flattened and lengthened, and a bevel on opposite sides is made, leaving a thin web or connection Where the point end of the blank is afterward to be cut oif. From the third pair of rolls p p the partly-made nail,

Fig. 11, falls down the guideway Z to the clipping or pointing mechanism next described, by the action of which clipping or pointing mechanism the point of the nail is made at the thin web or inclines formed by the operation of the third pair of rolls p p, as represented in Fig. 12, in which Fig. 12 the wastepiece a at the point end of the blank is represented separated from the body of the blank by the clipping or cutting tools in forming the point.

The clipping or point-cutting tools are best seen in Figs. 1 and 3, the fixed tools consisting of a diemarked q, and the other tool consisting of a movable punch r. The said punch r is carried in the long arm of the lever r turning on the center '1 The advance of the lever r and the punch r for the pointing operation is efiected by the cam r on the shaft W, the rises of the said cam acting against a roller on the bracket 0", fixed to the lever r carrying the punch. The fixed or stationary die (1 and movable punch 7' have shapes proper to finish the nail. The nailblank, Fig. 11, head downward, being received on a platform in front of the stationary die in a vertical position is thus cut off at the top of the machine by the cutters e f, and preserving its vertical position, head part downward, it is in succession operated upon in themanner represented in Figs. 9, 10, and 11 by the pairs of rolls on m and n 'n and p p, and finally pointed by the clipping-tools q r, the finished nail falling from the machine in a vertical position.

The rolls m m and p p and the cam -shaft r are driven from the main shaft j through the spur-wheels 3, s s s s and s (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1,) and the rolls n n are driven from the main shaft j through the bevel -wheels 7' and j and spur-wheels f 3' Fig. 1. The shafts of the respective pairs of rolls are geared together by pinions in the usual Way.

The several guide-tubes may be provided with jointed sides (see Fig. 5) for facilitating the removal of the blanks that may stick in the guide-tubes, and each of the guide-tubes is capable of adjustment, as represented.

Although I have found in practice that three pairs of rolls are in most cases sufficient to give the desired shape to the cut-01f blank, Fig. 8, previous to clipping, yet four or more than four pairs of rolls may be employed where the nails to be made are of large size; and although I have represented the rolled blanks or partly-made nails finished by clipping or pointing them in the same machine in which they are cut off from the strip and rolled, yet the rolled blanks of the form of Fig. 11 may be clipped or pointed in a separate machine.

Although I have only represented and described nail-strips of the sectional figures required for making the most common form of horseshoe-nails, yet nail-strips of other figures may be employed, the shape of the rolls being modified accordingly.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my invention in new or improved machinery for the manufacture of -horseshoe-nails 1. In machinery for the manufacture of horseshoe-nails, the combination of devices for supporting and feeding the metal strip horizontally with its breadth in a vertical plane, the, horizon tally-movable cutting-tool, a series of vertical guides through which the nail-blank successively falls in a vertical position head downward, and a series. of pairs of rolls alternating with the said guides to roll the nail-blank into the desired shape, substantially as described.

2. In machinery for the manufacture of 5 horseshoe-nails, the combination,with a series of pairs of horizontal rolls arranged one pair above the other, the axes of one pair of rolls being; situated at right angles to the axes of the next pair of rolls, whereby the descending nail blank is alternately rolled upon its broad and narrow sides, of a series of vertical guide-tubes located between said rolls to conduct the nail-blanks to the rolls in a vertical position head downward, substantially I 5 as shown and described.

3. In machinery for the manufacture of 

